Nes and hps accept no liability, as far as the law allows us to exclude such liability, for the accuracy or currency of amendments, additions andor revisions of any kind made to the training resources by a nhs boardthird party to reflect local policy. They are classified according to characteristics of the polysaccharide capsule into capsular group, and of outer membrane proteins into type and subtype. Most cases of bacterial meningitis in the uk are caused by group b. For advice on dosing schedules for missed vaccinations, and the immunisation of individuals coming to the uk, consult chapter 11, the uk immunisation schedule, in immunisation against infectious disease the green book.
Crude incidence rate of invasive meningococcal b disease in ireland, 19992015. The casefatality rate from invasive meningococcal b disease is less than 5%. Meningococcal vaccination in primary care amongst adolescents. Meningococcal b menb vaccine is routinely given to babies in the uk and ireland at 2, 4 and 12 months. Meningococcal b disease is prevented by vaccination. Summary bacterial meningitis is a lifethreatening condition that can affect all ages, but is most common in babies and children. Vaccinating teenagers should also help protect other people, including babies and older people, against meningococcal disease, including the highly virulent menw strain. Meningococcal vaccine treatment summary bnf content. New meningococcal vaccines in the uk community practitioner. Gp practices providing this service should invite all eligible patients on a call and recall basis and vaccinate all patients who present to the practice and are in the eligible cohort. Infectious agent of meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis or meningococcus is a gramnegative diplococcus. Uk incidence of meningococcal disease amongst the under 1s in 2017 was 16 per 100,000 or 1 baby in 6,250 and in ireland 24. The national education for scotland nes website provides healthcare professionals with training and educational materials for. Meningococcal meningitis is characterized by sudden onset of headache, fever, and stiffness of the neck, sometimes accompanied by nausea.
The meningitis b vaccine is a vaccine that offers protection against meningococcal group b bacteria, which are a common cause of meningitis in young children in the uk. May 30, 2018 the incidence of imd is lowest in ni 1. Menc only confers protection against meningococcal c and not the other serogroups. Although the green book official uk source for vaccination advice recommends a gap of at least two months between these vaccs, some doctors prefer to wait longer. Infection, by some strains of the organism can be prevented by vaccination and meningococcal vaccines are included in the uk routine childhood vaccination programme. Immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditions. The first definitive description of the disease was by vieusseux in switzerland in 1805. Meningococcal group b disease continues to constitute the most common group in ni 40%. The decision to initiate contact tracing in respect of meningococcal infection will be made by the consultant in public health medicine cphm in conjunction with relevant clinicians. Meningococcal group w meningitis research foundation. Invitations will be issued in the usual way by the local child health office.
Men b is the most common strain in the uk but other strains include men a, men c, men w and men y. Immunisation against meningococcal b disease for infants aged from two months. Since september 2015 uk babies born on or after 1 july 2015 have been offered the menb meningococcal group b vaccine as part of the routine immunisation schedule and babies born on or after 1 may were offered the vaccine as part of a one off catchup campaign. The menacwy vaccine protects teenagers when theyre most at risk of meningococcal disease. Meningococcal vaccines may be given to pregnant women when clinically. It also stops them carrying and spreading the bacteria to other people. There are very few individuals who cannot receive meningococcal vaccines where there is doubt, appropriate advice should be sought rather than withholding immunisation immunisation against meningococcal acwy disease for adolescents. Patient group direction for the administration of meningococcal acwy vaccine this patient group direction pgd is a specific written instruction for the supply andor administration of meningococcal vaccine men acwy to groups of patients who may not be individually identified before presentation for treatment. Meningococcal group c conjugate vaccine provides longterm protection against infection by serogroup c of neisseria meningitidis. Mar 20, 20 updated url links to the green book chapters. The vaccine is recommended for babies aged 8 weeks, followed by a second dose at 16 weeks and a booster at 1 year.
Immunisation against meningococcal b disease for infants. In particular, individuals receiving complement inhibitor therapy eculizumab are at. A conjugate vaccination meningococcal group c menc has been adopted in the uks routine immunisation schedule since november 1999, having demonstrated protective immunity in children aged under 2. Responsibility for contact tracing and organising the administration of chemoprophylaxis also lies with the cphm.
Transmission occurs through close contact, droplets, or direct contact with respiratory secretions. There are 12 identified serogroups of which groups b, c, w and y. Vaccines for the prevention of meningococcal capsular group b. In 2015 the age specific incidence rate asir among infants, less than one year of age, for meningococcal b disease was. Infection caused by group w has increased in the uk in recent years. Sep 11, 20 the green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine preventable infectious diseases in the uk. Introduction of a meningococcal acwy programme for adolescents information for healthcare professionals these training resources have been prepared with reference to the version of public health englands immunisation against infectious disease. Meningococcal disease is a rare, but potentially devastating infection in travellers caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis the most common forms of meningococcal disease are meningitis infection of the protective lining around the brain and spine and septicaemia blood poisoning. Meningococcal in immunisation against infectious disease home. Meningococcal australian government department of health. Immunisation against meningococcal b disease for infants aged. Meningitis bacterial meningitis and meningococcal disease.
Introduction of a meningococcal acwy programme for. Public health englands guidance for public health management of meningococcal disease in the uk. Public health england july 2015 summary of product characteristics spc bexsero meningococcal group b vaccine for injection in prefilled syringe, novartis vaccines, electronic medicines compendium. Meningococcal disease is a rare but lifethreatening infection.
Meningococcal serogroup b menb vaccination programme 1. Reassure that the new meningococcal vaccines will not overload the immune system and that vaccination only involves a very small proportion of the immune system following administration. Approximately 10 percent of the general population of the uk are thought to carry n. The meningococcal b vaccine is recommended to be given at 2, 4, and 12 months as part of a childs routine immunisation schedule.
Introduction of a meningococcal acwy immunisation programme for adolescents practice nurse training information. Nes and hps accept no liability, as far as the law allows us to exclude such liability, for the accuracy or currency of amendments, additions andor revisions of any kind made to the training resources by a nhs boardthird party to reflect local. Invasive meningococcal disease is a serious illness caused by the gramnegative bacterium neisseria meningitidis n. Explain that the vaccines have been introduced in light of the increasing prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality from other strains of meningococcus such as menb, menw. It is a term used to describe two major illnesses, meningitis and septicaemia blood poisoning. An increase in indigenous cases of an st11 capsular group w has been seen in the uk since 2009, and may herald a new hyper endemic period ladhani et al. Immunisation against infectious disease the green book.
Meningococcal disease is a rare, but potentially devastating infection. Prevnar has only recently been put on the recommended list for cll folk, and some gps are not aware of this as it used to be only for infants. Meningococcal disease occurs as a result of a systemic bacterial infection by neisseria meningitidis. An update for registered healthcare practitioners sep 2018. Oct 03, 2018 meningococcal disease is a rare, but potentially devastating infection. The two most common types of meningococcal infections are meningitis and septicemia. For more information on meningococcal immunisation, including updates, please refer to the phe green book, chapter 22.
Meningococcal disease is caused by invasive infection with the bacterium neisseria meningitidis, also known as the meningococcus. Illness believed to be meningococcal disease was first reported in the 16th century. Meningococci are gramnegative diplococci, divided into antigenically distinct serogroups. Serogroup b is currently responsible for most imd cases. Immunisation consists of 1 dose given at 12 months of age as the haemophilus influenzae type b with meningococcal group c vaccine and a second dose given at 15 years of age as the meningococcal groups a. The purified capsular polysaccharides of meningococcal group a, c, w and y have successfully been used to develop efficacious vaccines. Vaccines based on the serogroup c polysaccharide provide only shortterm protection to older children and adults and do not protect infants.
Dec 04, 2017 groups b, c and, more recently, w are the common strains in the uk. Meningococcal meningitis is characterized by sudden onset of headache, fever, and stiffness of the neck, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or altered mental status. Vaccination and antibiotic prescribing in patients with. Meningococcal disease the australian immunisation handbook. Immunisation schedule treatment summary bnfc content. It can affect people of all ages, but is especially serious in children, teenagers and young adults. Meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia notifiable. Incidence and mortality from invasive meningococcal disease due to capsular group w menw has been increasing in england since 2009 and in early 2015 menw was declared endemic. Sign in or purchase a subscription to access this content. Vaccines for the prevention of meningococcal capsular. Meningococcal disease generally occurs 110 days after exposure and presents as meningitis in. Ciprofloxacin is licensed in adults for the prophylaxis of invasive infections due to neisseria. Guidance for public health management of meningococcal disease in the uk 4 nice june 2010.
Seek medical attention immediately if you or your child develops symptoms of meningococcal disease. Meningococcal b has historically caused most meningococcal disease in australia. The vaccination schedule recommended by public health england, based on the information in the green book,1 is complex and immunisation can take place in either primary or secondary care, or both, further increasing the risk of incomplete or incorrect vaccination occurring. Introduction of a meningococcal acwy programme for adolescents. Groups b, c and, more recently, w are the common strains in the uk.
Meningococcal meningitis vaccine immunisation patient. Nov 11, 2015 provide relevant, uptodate, evidencebased and nonbiased information to parents regarding the new meningococcal vaccines. Symptoms of meningococcal disease can first appear as a flulike illness and rapidly worsen. Meningococcal group b vaccine meningitis research foundation. The bacterium was first identified in the spinal fluid of. An interesting and important phenomenon has developed over the past four years across the uk, which is an increasing number of meningococcal group w cases, due to a particular strain. Currently, the world health organization who estimates that 1 to 10% of the general population carries n. Information for healthcare professionals 6 the menb vaccine bexsero bexsero is the recommended vaccine for the routine infant immunisation programme and is currently the only market authorised meningococcal b vaccine for infants in the uk. The green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine preventable infectious diseases in the uk. All children are offered menb vaccine at 2 and 4 months of age with a booster dose of menb vaccine given at 12 months.
Immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditions chapter 7 immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditionsanuary 22 respond more poorly to vaccination and should be considered for additional vaccination. There are several strains of neisseria meningitidis, the causative organism of meningococcal disease. Meningococcal infections red book 2015 red book online. Data and analysis of meningococcal disease is also available on the public health england website. Cartwright k 1995 meningococcal carriage and disease. Vaccination is the best protection against meningococcal disease. In the mid1990s, meningococcal c menc conjugate vaccines were therefore developed that would provide longerterm protection and would be effective in infants. It is caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis of which there are 6 diseasecausing strains called serogroups a, b, c, w, y and x. Most of the rest are caused by group c although the number of group c cases has fallen greatly due to immunisation introduced in 1999.
Meningococcal b vaccination information for healthcare. Meningococcal disease is an acute, potentially severe illness caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis. Children under 1 year of age are most at risk of getting menb and should be vaccinated. Lessons from research for doctors in training 3 health protection agency hpa 2011.
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